The Wright Brothers invented the unthinkable. Since then the size of the aviation industry has only swelled with every single country on the planet having its flagship national air carrier. This played one of the most important roles in the dilution of national boundaries. With traffic in the air increasing, it became inevitable that the sector should be regulated. And so, the first treaty governing the international aviation sector came in 1929 – The Warsaw Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules Relating to International Carriage by Air. Since then a number of conventions have been signed.
I’ve compiled all the conventions and treaties signed till date. Please scroll down to see the list. This is the first post in a series discussing India’s stand in the major international conventions governing the air space.
| Date and Place of Adoption | Name of the Treaty | Brief Description | Date of Enforcement |
| 12/10/1929 signed at Warsaw | Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules Relating to International Carriage by Air | Warsaw Convention (1929). Rules for international carriage by air | 13/02/1933 |
| 07/12/1944 signed at Chicago | Convention on International Civil Aviation | Chicago Convention. Constitution of ICAO | 4/04/1947 |
| 07/12/1944 signed at Chicago | International Air Transport Agreement | Transport Agreement. Five freedoms of the air | 8/02/1945 |
| 07/12/1944 signed at Chicago | International Air Services Transit Agreement | Transit Agreement. Two freedoms of the air | 30/01/1945 |
| 27/05/1947 signed at Montreal | Protocol Relating to an Amendment to the Convention on International Civil Aviation [Article 93 bis] | Article 93 bis (1947). Expulsion or suspension | 20/03/1961 |
| 21/11/1947 Adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations | Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the Specialized Agencies - application to ICAO | Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the Specialized Agencies (1947) | 2/12/1948 |
| 19/06/1948 signed at Geneva | Convention on the International Recognition of Rights in Aircraft | Geneva Convention (1948). Recognition of rights in aircraft | 17/09/1953 |
| 07/10/1952 signed at Rome | Convention on Damage Caused by Foreign Aircraft to Third Parties on the Surface | Rome Convention (1952). Damage to third parties on surface | 4/02/1958 |
| 14/06/1954 signed at Montreal | Protocol Relating to an Amendment to the Convention on International Civil Aviation [Article 45] | Article 45 (1954). Seat of the Organization | 16/05/1958 |
| 14/06/1954 signed at Montreal | Protocol Relating to an Amendment to the Convention on International Civil Aviation [Articles 48(a), 49(e) and 61] | Articles 48(a), 49(e) and 61(1954). Frequency of Assembly sessions and budgets | 12/12/1956 |
| 28/09/1955 signed at The Hague | Protocol to Amend the Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules Relating to International Carriage by Air signed at Warsaw on 12 October 1929 | The Hague Protocol (1955). Amending Warsaw Convention of 1929 | 01/08/1963 |
| 19/04/1956 signed at Paris | Multilateral Agreement on Commercial Rights of Non-Scheduled Air Services in Europe | Paris Agreement (1956). Commercial rights of non-scheduled services in Europe | 21/08/1957 |
| 25/09/1956 signed at Geneva | Agreement on the Joint Financing of Certain Air Navigation Services in Greenland and the Faroe Islands | Joint Financing, Greenland (1956) | 06/06/1958 |
| 25/09/1956 signed at Geneva | Agreement on the Joint Financing of Certain Air Navigation Services in Iceland | Joint Financing, Iceland (1956) | 06/06/1958 |
| 22/04/1960 signed at Paris | Multilateral Agreement relating to Certificates of Airworthiness for Imported Aircraft | Paris Agreement (1960). Certificates of Airworthiness for Imported Aircraft | 24/08/1961 |
| 21/06/1961 signed at Montreal | Protocol Relating to an Amendment to the Convention on International Civil Aviation [Article 50(a)] | Article 50(a) (1961). Increase of Council to 27 members | 17/07/1962 |
| 18/09/1961 signed at Guadalajara | Convention, Supplementary to the Warsaw Convention, for the Unification of Certain Rules Relating to International Carriage by Air Performed by a Person Other than the Contracting Carrier | Guadalajara Convention (1961). Supplementing Warsaw Convention of 1929 | 01/05/1964 |
| 15/09/1962 signed at Rome | Protocol Relating to an Amendment to the Convention on International Civil Aviation [Article 48(a)] | Article 48(a) (1962) | 11/09/1975 |
| 14/09/1963 signed at Tokyo | Convention on Offences and Certain Other Acts Committed on Board Aircraft | Tokyo Convention (1963). Offences and other acts committed on board aircraft | 04/12/1969 |
| 10/07/1967 signed at Paris | International Agreement on the Procedure for the Establishment of Tariffs for Scheduled Air Services | Paris Multilateral Agreement (1967). Tariffs for Scheduled Air Services | 30/05/1968 |
| 24/09/1968 signed at Buenos Aires | Protocol on the Authentic Trilingual Text of the Convention on International Civil Aviation (Chicago, 1944) | Protocol on the Authentic Trilingual Text (1968) | 24/10/1968 |
| 16/12/1970 signed at The Hague | Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Seizure of Aircraft | Hague Convention (1970). Unlawful seizure of aircraft | 14/10/1971 |
| 08/03/1971 signed at Guatemala City | Protocol to Amend the Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules Relating to International Carriage by Air signed at Warsaw on 12 October 1929 as Amended by the Protocol done at The Hague on 28 September 1955 | Guatemala City Protocol (1971). Amending Warsaw Convention of 1929 as amended by The Hague Protocol of 1955 | not in force |
| 12/03/1971 signed at New York | Protocol Relating to an Amendment to the Convention on International Civil Aviation [Article 50(a)] | Article 50(a) (1971). Increase of Council to 30 members | 16/01/1973 |
| 07/07/1971 signed at Vienna | Protocol Relating to an Amendment to the Convention on International Civil Aviation [Article 56] | Article 56 (1971). Increase of ANC to 15 members | 19/12/1974 |
| 23/09/1971 signed at Montreal | Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Civil Aviation | Montreal Convention (1971). Unlawful acts against the safety of civil aviation | 26/01/1973 |
| 16/10/1974 signed at Montreal | Protocol Relating to an Amendment to the Convention on International Civil Aviation [Article 50(a)] | Article 50(a) (1974). Increase of Council to 33 members | 15/02/1980 |
| 25/09/1975 signed at Montreal | Additional Protocol No. 1 to Amend the Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules Relating to International Carriage by Air signed at Warsaw on 12 October 1929 | Additional Protocol No. 1 (1975). Amending Warsaw Convention of 1929 | 15/02/1996 |
| 25/09/1975 signed at Montreal | Additional Protocol No. 2 to Amend the Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules Relating to International Carriage by Air signed at Warsaw on 12 October 1929 as Amended by the Protocol done at The Hague on 28 September 1955 | Additional Protocol No. 2 (1975). Amending Warsaw Convention of 1929 as amended by The Hague Protocol of 1955 | 15/02/1996 |
| 25/09/1975 signed at Montreal | Additional Protocol No. 3 to Amend the Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules Relating to International Carriage by Air signed at Warsaw on 12 October 1929 as Amended by the Protocols done at The Hague on 28 September 1955 and at Guatemala City on 8 March 1971 | Additional Protocol No. 3 (1975). Amending Warsaw Convention of 1929 as amended by The Hague Protocol of 1955 and Guatemala City Protocol of 1971 | not in force |
| 25/09/1975 signed at Montreal | Montreal Protocol No. 4 to Amend the Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules Relating to International Carriage by Air signed at Warsaw on 12 October 1929 as Amended by the Protocol done at The Hague on 28 September 1955 | Montreal Protocol No. 4 (1975). Amending Warsaw Convention of 1929 as amended by The Hague Protocol of 1955 | 14/06/1998 |
| 30/09/1977 signed at Montreal | Protocol Relating to an Amendment to the Convention on International Civil Aviation [Final Paragraph, Russian Text] | Final Paragraph (1977). Referring to the authentic Russian text | 17/08/1999 |
| 30/09/1977 signed at Montreal | Protocol on the Authentic Quadrilingual Text of the Convention on International Civil Aviation (Chicago, 1944) | Protocol on the Authentic Quadrilingual Text (1977) | 16/09/1999 |
| 23/09/1978 signed at Montreal | Protocol to Amend the Convention on Damage Caused by Foreign Aircraft to Third Parties on the Surface signed at Rome on 7 October 1952 | Montreal Protocol (1978). Amending Rome Convention of 1952 | 25/07/2002 |
| 06/10/1980 signed at Montreal | Protocol Relating to an Amendment to the Convention on International Civil Aviation [Article 83 bis] | Article 83 bis. Lease, charter or interchange | 20/06/1997 |
| 03/11/1982 signed at Montreal | Protocol for the Amendment of the 1956 Agreement on the Joint Financing of Certain Air Navigation Services in Greenland and the Faroe Islands | Joint Financing, Greenland (1982). Amending Agreement of 1956 | 01/01/1983 prov. 17/11/1989 def. |
| 03/11/1982 signed at Montreal | Protocol for the Amendment of the 1956 Agreement on the Joint Financing of Certain Air Navigation Services in Iceland | Joint Financing, Iceland (1982). Amending Agreement of 1956 | 01/01/1983 prov. 17/11/1989 def. |
| 10/05/1984 signed at Montreal | Protocol Relating to an Amendment to the Convention on International Civil Aviation [Article 3 bis] | Article 3 bis. Non-use of weapons against civil aircraft in flight | 1/10/1998 |
| 16/06/1987 signed at Paris | International Agreement on the Procedure for the Establishment of Tariffs for Intra-European Scheduled Air Services | Paris Tariffs Agreement (1987). Replacing Agreement of 1967 | 05/06/1988 |
| 16/06/1987 signed at Paris | International Agreement on the Sharing of Capacity on Intra-European Scheduled Air Services | Paris Capacity Agreement (1987). Sharing of capacity on intra-European scheduled air services | 17/07/1988 |
| 24/02/1988 signed at Montreal | Protocol for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts of Violence at Airports Serving International Civil Aviation, Supplementary to the Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Civil Aviation done at Montreal on 23 September 1971 | Montreal Supplementary Protocol (1988). Acts of violence at airports | 06/08/1989 |
| 01/07/1988 signed at Paris | The International COSPAS-SARSAT Programme Agreement | COSPAS-CARSAT Agreement (1988). International satellite system for search and rescue | 30/08/1988 |
| 06/10/1989 signed at Montreal | Protocol Relating to an Amendment to the Convention on International Civil Aviation [Article 56] | Article 56 (1989). Increase of ANC to 19 members | 18/04/2005 |
| 26/10/1990 signed at Montreal | Protocol Relating to an Amendment to the Convention on International Civil Aviation [Article 50(a)] | Article 50(a) (1990). Increase of Council to 36 members | 28/11/2002 |
| 01/03/1991 signed at Montreal | Convention on the Marking of Plastic Explosives for the Purpose of Detection | Convention on the Marking of Plastic Explosives (1991) | 21/06/1998 |
| 29/09/1995 signed at Montreal | Protocol on the Authentic Quinquelingual Text of the Convention on International Civil Aviation (Chicago, 1944) | Protocol on the Authentic Quinquelingual Text (1995) | not in force |
| 29/10/1995 signed at Montreal | Protocol Relating to an Amendment to the Convention on International Civil Aviation [Final Paragraph, Arabic Text] | Final Paragraph (1995). Referring to the authentic Arabic Text | not in force |
| 01/10/1998 signed at Montreal | Protocol Relating to an Amendment to the Convention on International Civil Aviation [Final Paragraph, Chinese Text] | Final Paragraph (1998). Referring to the authentic Chinese Text | not in force |
| 01/10/1998 signed at Montreal | Protocol on the Authentic Six-Language Text of the Convention on International Civil Aviation (Chicago, 1944) | Protocol on the Authentic Six-Language Text (1998) | not in force |
| 28/05/1999 signed at Montreal | Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules for International Carriage by Air | Montreal Convention (1999). Rules for International carriage by air | 04/11/2003 |
| 16/11/2001 signed in Cape Town | Convention on International Interests in Mobile Equipment | Cape Town Convention on Mobile Equipment (2001) | 01/03/2006 |
| 16/11/2001 signed in Cape Town | Protocol to the Convention on International Interests in Mobile Equipment on Matters specific to Aircraft Equipment | Cape Town Protocol on Aircraft Equipment (2001) | 01/03/2006 |
| 02/05/2009 signed at Montreal | Convention on Compensation for Damage to Third Parties, Resulting from Acts of Unlawful Interference Involving Aircraft | Unlawful Interference Compensation Convention (2009) | not in force |
| 02/05/2009 signed at Montreal | Convention on Compensation for Damage Caused by Aircraft to Third Parties | General Risks Convention (2009) | not in force |
| 10/09/2010 signed at Beijing | Convention on the Suppression of Unlawful Acts Relating to International Civil Aviation | Beijing Convention (2010) | not in force |
| 10/09/2010 signed at Beijing | Protocol Supplementary to the Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Seizure of Aircraft | Beijing Protocol (2010) | not in force |
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