Wednesday, December 29, 2010

The Treaties and Conventions Governing Air Space


The Wright Brothers invented the unthinkable. Since then the size of the aviation industry has only swelled with every single country on the planet having its flagship national air carrier. This played one of the most important roles in the dilution of national boundaries. With traffic in the air increasing, it became inevitable that the sector should be regulated. And so, the first treaty governing the international aviation sector came in 1929 – The Warsaw Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules Relating to International Carriage by Air. Since then a number of conventions have been signed.

I’ve compiled all the conventions and treaties signed till date. Please scroll down to see the list. This is the first post in a series discussing India’s stand in the major international conventions governing the air space.

Date and Place of Adoption

Name of the Treaty

Brief Description

Date of Enforcement

12/10/1929 signed at Warsaw

Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules Relating to International Carriage by Air

Warsaw Convention (1929). Rules for international carriage by air

13/02/1933

07/12/1944 signed at Chicago

Convention on International Civil Aviation

Chicago Convention. Constitution of ICAO

4/04/1947

07/12/1944 signed at Chicago

International Air Transport Agreement

Transport Agreement. Five freedoms of the air

8/02/1945

07/12/1944 signed at Chicago

International Air Services Transit Agreement

Transit Agreement. Two freedoms of the air

30/01/1945

27/05/1947 signed at Montreal

Protocol Relating to an Amendment to the Convention on International Civil Aviation [Article 93 bis]

Article 93 bis (1947). Expulsion or suspension

20/03/1961

21/11/1947 Adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations

Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the Specialized Agencies - application to ICAO

Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the Specialized Agencies (1947)

2/12/1948

19/06/1948 signed at Geneva

Convention on the International Recognition of Rights in Aircraft

Geneva Convention (1948). Recognition of rights in aircraft

17/09/1953

07/10/1952 signed at Rome

Convention on Damage Caused by Foreign Aircraft to Third Parties on the Surface

Rome Convention (1952). Damage to third parties on surface

4/02/1958

14/06/1954 signed at Montreal

Protocol Relating to an Amendment to the Convention on International Civil Aviation [Article 45]

Article 45 (1954). Seat of the Organization

16/05/1958

14/06/1954 signed at Montreal

Protocol Relating to an Amendment to the Convention on International Civil Aviation [Articles 48(a), 49(e) and 61]

Articles 48(a), 49(e) and 61(1954). Frequency of Assembly sessions and budgets

12/12/1956

28/09/1955 signed at The Hague

Protocol to Amend the Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules Relating to International Carriage by Air signed at Warsaw on 12 October 1929

The Hague Protocol (1955). Amending Warsaw Convention of 1929

01/08/1963

19/04/1956 signed at Paris

Multilateral Agreement on Commercial Rights of Non-Scheduled Air Services in Europe

Paris Agreement (1956). Commercial rights of non-scheduled services in Europe

21/08/1957

25/09/1956 signed at Geneva

Agreement on the Joint Financing of Certain Air Navigation Services in Greenland and the Faroe Islands

Joint Financing, Greenland (1956)

06/06/1958

25/09/1956 signed at Geneva

Agreement on the Joint Financing of Certain Air Navigation Services in Iceland

Joint Financing, Iceland (1956)

06/06/1958

22/04/1960 signed at Paris

Multilateral Agreement relating to Certificates of Airworthiness for Imported Aircraft

Paris Agreement (1960). Certificates of Airworthiness for Imported Aircraft

24/08/1961

21/06/1961 signed at Montreal

Protocol Relating to an Amendment to the Convention on International Civil Aviation [Article 50(a)]

Article 50(a) (1961). Increase of Council to 27 members

17/07/1962

18/09/1961 signed at Guadalajara

Convention, Supplementary to the Warsaw Convention, for the Unification of Certain Rules Relating to International Carriage by Air Performed by a Person Other than the Contracting Carrier

Guadalajara Convention (1961). Supplementing Warsaw Convention of 1929

01/05/1964

15/09/1962 signed at Rome

Protocol Relating to an Amendment to the Convention on International Civil Aviation [Article 48(a)]

Article 48(a) (1962)

11/09/1975

14/09/1963 signed at Tokyo

Convention on Offences and Certain Other Acts Committed on Board Aircraft

Tokyo Convention (1963). Offences and other acts committed on board aircraft

04/12/1969

10/07/1967 signed at Paris

International Agreement on the Procedure for the Establishment of Tariffs for Scheduled Air Services

Paris Multilateral Agreement (1967). Tariffs for Scheduled Air Services

30/05/1968

24/09/1968 signed at Buenos Aires

Protocol on the Authentic Trilingual Text of the Convention on International Civil Aviation (Chicago, 1944)

Protocol on the Authentic Trilingual Text (1968)

24/10/1968

16/12/1970 signed at The Hague

Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Seizure of Aircraft

Hague Convention (1970). Unlawful seizure of aircraft

14/10/1971

08/03/1971 signed at Guatemala City

Protocol to Amend the Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules Relating to International Carriage by Air signed at Warsaw on 12 October 1929 as Amended by the Protocol done at The Hague on 28 September 1955

Guatemala City Protocol (1971). Amending Warsaw Convention of 1929 as amended by The Hague Protocol of 1955

not in force

12/03/1971 signed at New York

Protocol Relating to an Amendment to the Convention on International Civil Aviation [Article 50(a)]

Article 50(a) (1971). Increase of Council to 30 members

16/01/1973

07/07/1971 signed at Vienna

Protocol Relating to an Amendment to the Convention on International Civil Aviation [Article 56]

Article 56 (1971). Increase of ANC to 15 members

19/12/1974

23/09/1971 signed at Montreal

Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Civil Aviation

Montreal Convention (1971). Unlawful acts against the safety of civil aviation

26/01/1973

16/10/1974 signed at Montreal

Protocol Relating to an Amendment to the Convention on International Civil Aviation [Article 50(a)]

Article 50(a) (1974). Increase of Council to 33 members

15/02/1980

25/09/1975 signed at Montreal

Additional Protocol No. 1 to Amend the Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules Relating to International Carriage by Air signed at Warsaw on 12 October 1929

Additional Protocol No. 1 (1975). Amending Warsaw Convention of 1929

15/02/1996

25/09/1975 signed at Montreal

Additional Protocol No. 2 to Amend the Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules Relating to International Carriage by Air signed at Warsaw on 12 October 1929 as Amended by the Protocol done at The Hague on 28 September 1955

Additional Protocol No. 2 (1975). Amending Warsaw Convention of 1929 as amended by The Hague Protocol of 1955

15/02/1996

25/09/1975 signed at Montreal

Additional Protocol No. 3 to Amend the Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules Relating to International Carriage by Air signed at Warsaw on 12 October 1929 as Amended by the Protocols done at The Hague on 28 September 1955 and at Guatemala City on 8 March 1971

Additional Protocol No. 3 (1975). Amending Warsaw Convention of 1929 as amended by The Hague Protocol of 1955 and Guatemala City Protocol of 1971

not in force

25/09/1975 signed at Montreal

Montreal Protocol No. 4 to Amend the Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules Relating to International Carriage by Air signed at Warsaw on 12 October 1929 as Amended by the Protocol done at The Hague on 28 September 1955

Montreal Protocol No. 4 (1975). Amending Warsaw Convention of 1929 as amended by The Hague Protocol of 1955

14/06/1998

30/09/1977 signed at Montreal

Protocol Relating to an Amendment to the Convention on International Civil Aviation [Final Paragraph, Russian Text]

Final Paragraph (1977). Referring to the authentic Russian text

17/08/1999

30/09/1977 signed at Montreal

Protocol on the Authentic Quadrilingual Text of the Convention on International Civil Aviation (Chicago, 1944)

Protocol on the Authentic Quadrilingual Text (1977)

16/09/1999

23/09/1978 signed at Montreal

Protocol to Amend the Convention on Damage Caused by Foreign Aircraft to Third Parties on the Surface signed at Rome on 7 October 1952

Montreal Protocol (1978). Amending Rome Convention of 1952

25/07/2002

06/10/1980 signed at Montreal

Protocol Relating to an Amendment to the Convention on International Civil Aviation [Article 83 bis]

Article 83 bis. Lease, charter or interchange

20/06/1997

03/11/1982 signed at Montreal

Protocol for the Amendment of the 1956 Agreement on the Joint Financing of Certain Air Navigation Services in Greenland and the Faroe Islands

Joint Financing, Greenland (1982). Amending Agreement of 1956

01/01/1983 prov. 17/11/1989 def.

03/11/1982 signed at Montreal

Protocol for the Amendment of the 1956 Agreement on the Joint Financing of Certain Air Navigation Services in Iceland

Joint Financing, Iceland (1982). Amending Agreement of 1956

01/01/1983 prov. 17/11/1989 def.

10/05/1984 signed at Montreal

Protocol Relating to an Amendment to the Convention on International Civil Aviation [Article 3 bis]

Article 3 bis. Non-use of weapons against civil aircraft in flight

1/10/1998

16/06/1987 signed at Paris

International Agreement on the Procedure for the Establishment of Tariffs for Intra-European Scheduled Air Services

Paris Tariffs Agreement (1987). Replacing Agreement of 1967

05/06/1988

16/06/1987 signed at Paris

International Agreement on the Sharing of Capacity on Intra-European Scheduled Air Services

Paris Capacity Agreement (1987). Sharing of capacity on intra-European scheduled air services

17/07/1988

24/02/1988 signed at Montreal

Protocol for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts of Violence at Airports Serving International Civil Aviation, Supplementary to the Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Civil Aviation done at Montreal on 23 September 1971

Montreal Supplementary Protocol (1988). Acts of violence at airports

06/08/1989

01/07/1988 signed at Paris

The International COSPAS-SARSAT Programme Agreement

COSPAS-CARSAT Agreement (1988). International satellite system for search and rescue

30/08/1988

06/10/1989 signed at Montreal

Protocol Relating to an Amendment to the Convention on International Civil Aviation [Article 56]

Article 56 (1989). Increase of ANC to 19 members

18/04/2005

26/10/1990 signed at Montreal

Protocol Relating to an Amendment to the Convention on International Civil Aviation [Article 50(a)]

Article 50(a) (1990). Increase of Council to 36 members

28/11/2002

01/03/1991 signed at Montreal

Convention on the Marking of Plastic Explosives for the Purpose of Detection

Convention on the Marking of Plastic Explosives (1991)

21/06/1998

29/09/1995 signed at Montreal

Protocol on the Authentic Quinquelingual Text of the Convention on International Civil Aviation (Chicago, 1944)

Protocol on the Authentic Quinquelingual Text (1995)

not in force

29/10/1995 signed at Montreal

Protocol Relating to an Amendment to the Convention on International Civil Aviation [Final Paragraph, Arabic Text]

Final Paragraph (1995). Referring to the authentic Arabic Text

not in force

01/10/1998 signed at Montreal

Protocol Relating to an Amendment to the Convention on International Civil Aviation [Final Paragraph, Chinese Text]

Final Paragraph (1998). Referring to the authentic Chinese Text

not in force

01/10/1998 signed at Montreal

Protocol on the Authentic Six-Language Text of the Convention on International Civil Aviation (Chicago, 1944)

Protocol on the Authentic Six-Language Text (1998)

not in force

28/05/1999 signed at Montreal

Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules for International Carriage by Air

Montreal Convention (1999). Rules for International carriage by air

04/11/2003

16/11/2001 signed in Cape Town

Convention on International Interests in Mobile Equipment

Cape Town Convention on Mobile Equipment (2001)

01/03/2006

16/11/2001 signed in Cape Town

Protocol to the Convention on International Interests in Mobile Equipment on Matters specific to Aircraft Equipment

Cape Town Protocol on Aircraft Equipment (2001)

01/03/2006

02/05/2009 signed at Montreal

Convention on Compensation for Damage to Third Parties, Resulting from Acts of Unlawful Interference Involving Aircraft

Unlawful Interference Compensation Convention (2009)

not in force

02/05/2009 signed at Montreal

Convention on Compensation for Damage Caused by Aircraft to Third Parties

General Risks Convention (2009)

not in force

10/09/2010 signed at Beijing

Convention on the Suppression of Unlawful Acts Relating to International Civil Aviation

Beijing Convention (2010)

not in force

10/09/2010 signed at Beijing

Protocol Supplementary to the Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Seizure of Aircraft

Beijing Protocol (2010)

not in force

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